Antiviral Drugs for Influenza
One of the primary ways influenza is treated is through the use of antiviral drugs. There are four main antiviral drugs approved for use against the flu:
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): Oseltamivir is available as an oral capsule and works by inhibiting the spread of the virus in the body. It can reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms if taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. Common side effects may include nausea and vomiting.
Zanamivir (Relenza): Given as an inhaled powder, zanamivir works similarly to Oseltamivir by inhibiting the virus. It must be inhaled through an inhalation device twice daily for 5 days. Common side effects include bronchitis, sinusitis, and ear, nose or throat infections.
Peramivir (Rapivab): Peramivir is approved for intravenous or intramuscular injection for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older who have been sick for no more than 2 days. Clinical trials found it reduces time to alleviate symptoms compared to a placebo.
Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza): Approved in 2018, baloxavir is taken as a single oral dose and works in a different way than the other antivirals by inhibiting the ability of flu viruses to copy themselves. Studies showed it reduced time to symptom alleviation compared to placebo. Common side effects were diarrhea and bronchitis.
Antiviral Influenza Therapeutics work best when taken within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. They can lessen symptoms and reduce the duration of the illness from 7 to 10 days if administered early. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important as antivirals may also prevent complications from influenza like bronchitis and pneumonia.
Alternative Flu Therapies
While antiviral drugs remain the primary medical treatment for flu, alternative therapies may offer additional relief. Options include:
Herbal Remedies: Herbs like elderberry, echinacea, and ginger have been used for centuries to support immunity and reduce symptoms. Studies on their efficacy have had mixed results, but they are generally considered safe when taken as directed.
Vitamin Supplements: Taking vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and other immune boosting nutrients is a complementary approach. While supplements alone likely won't cure the flu, maintaining optimal vitamin levels may help enhance the body's ability to combat the virus.
Home Remedies: Strategies like drinking plenty of fluids, using a humidifier or saline nasal spray, gargling warm salt water, and getting lots of rest can help flush viruses from the respiratory tract and relieve congestion. Over-the-counter pain and fever reducers also provide comfort.
Traditional Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture, herbal formulas, and massage have been part of Chinese flu treatment for thousands of years. Studies on their effectiveness for influenza have had mixed results, but many people find relief from complementary therapies.
While alternative therapies are generally considered low risk when used properly, they should not replace prescription antivirals for severe cases of influenza or those at high risk for complications. Consulting a medical professional is recommended for the best treatment approach.
Preventing the Flu
In addition to early treatment, preventing influenza through vaccination and hygiene is crucial for controlling its spread each year. Key preventive measures include:
Annual Flu Vaccine: The flu shot fights several virus strains anticipated to circulate each season. It reduces risk of infection by 40-60% according to the CDC. Vaccination is recommended for all individuals over 6 months of age.
Hand Washing: Frequent and proper hand washing with soap and warm water is one of the most effective ways to prevent spread of the flu virus which can linger on surfaces for hours.
Avoiding Large Crowds: When flu is active in the community, limiting time in situations where social distancing isn't possible like large indoor gatherings reduces viral exposure risk.
Masking: Evidence suggests face masks can help block exhaled viral particles in symptomatic or even asymptomatically infected people. Masking in public provides an extra layer of protection during peak flu seasons.
Disinfecting: Frequently disinfecting high-touch surfaces like door handles, countertops, faucets, and electronics will kill off any virus left behind.
Staying Home When Sick: Rest and avoiding contact with others during the flu's contagious period is essential to not spreading infection further. Telework options can make isolating easier.
Making small lifestyle changes in combination with vaccination is the most effective long-term flu prevention strategy both individually and socially to reduce its spread and impact year after year.
Influenza remains an annual threat that requires ongoing medical and community commitment to control and treat effectively each flu season. Antiviral drugs offer valuable treatment when promptly administered, while complementary approaches may provide symptom relief as well. Frequent handwashing, vaccination, mask wearing during active seasons, and staying home when ill continue to be indispensable preventive measures against this ever-evolving virus. With further research and collective vigilance, influenza's toll can hopefully continue to lessen over time.
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About Author-
Alice Mutum is a seasoned senior content editor at Coherent Market Insights, leveraging extensive expertise gained from her previous role as a content writer. With seven years in content development, Alice masterfully employs SEO best practices and cutting-edge digital marketing strategies to craft high-ranking, impactful content. As an editor, she meticulously ensures flawless grammar and punctuation, precise data accuracy, and perfect alignment with audience needs in every research report. Alice's dedication to excellence and her strategic approach to content make her an invaluable asset in the world of market insights.
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